Video Self Modeling As A Fluency Recovery Strategy For Adults

Video Self-Modeling as a Fluency Recovery Strategy for Adults: Abstract Assignment #3 Chancellor Baesler CD 520 – Fluency Disorders 3/6/2017 Harasym, J., Langevin, M., Kully, D. (2015). Video self-modeling as a post-treatment fluency recovery strategy for adults. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 44, 32-45. Video Self-Modeling as a Fluency Recovery Strategy for Adults: Abstract Assignment #3 The present study was conducted using a multiple-baseline across participants’ research design to assess the effectiveness of Visual Self-Modeling (VSM) as a recovery tool for adults who were experiencing relapse or fluency regression after successfully completing a stuttering treatment program. Authors investigated VSM effects on improving stuttering†¦show more content†¦Participants were asked to view their VSM recordings at least two times per week and to keep a viewing-log to record personal reflections and the date. In each week of the baseline and treatment phases, three 5-min speech samples were obtained in the following speaking conditions: (a) a face-to-face conversation with an unfamiliar volunteer, (b) a phone conversation with an unfamiliar volunteer, and (c) a conversation at home or work with a familiar person. Authors calculated %SS and syllables spoken per minute (SPM) from the samples to determine whether reductions in stuttering were achieved. The Se lf-Efficacy Scale for Adults Who Stutter (SESAS) was used to measure participants’ confidence in entering a variety of beyond clinic talking situations. The Locus of Control of Behavior (LCB) was used to assess the extent to which participants perceived events as being under their personal control. The Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory (PSI) was used to assess participants’ perceptions of their stuttering in terms of the parameters of expectancy (PSI-E), avoidance (PSI-A), and struggle behaviors (PSI-S). Exit interviews were conducted to discuss any changes experienced in speech fluency, attitudes and feelings about speech, viewing practices including frequency of viewing, andShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for cla ss. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pages...................................... 178 Strategy Formulation ..............................................202 IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES TO STRATEGY ............................................................ 203 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS................................ 206 INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY .................................. 219 HUMAN RESOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATEGY ............................................................ 232 STRATEGY-DRIVEN ROLE BEHAVIORS AND PRACTICES ......Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesrich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP,Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesResource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 Critical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagescompleteness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives orwritten sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited

Models Of Recovery After Injuries Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

It has been suggested that it appears that no research or scientific country progresss significantly without an explicit or inexplicit set of metatheoretical premises ( Suls A ; Rothman, 2004 ) . Therefore, several theoretical theoretical accounts have been proposed to account for the construction, nature and consecutive ordination of the reactions observed in hurt patients. The undermentioned subdivision of this chapter will present and discourse these different theoretical accounts of recovery after hurt. We will write a custom essay sample on Models Of Recovery After Injuries Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are five theoretical accounts covering with recovery from hurt ; these are: the traditional medical theoretical account, the generic theoretical account, the patient-centred theoretical account, stress-centred theoretical accounts, and the psychosocial procedure theoretical account. Of these, the traditional medical theoretical account, stress-centred and generic theoretical accounts are simple attacks, while the patient-centred theoretical account and the psychosocial theoretical account are more concerned by the complexness of psychosocial procedures ( Cohen, 1998 ) . The traditional medical theoretical account ( or biomedical theoretical account ) is the basic theoretical account of heath attention and rehabilitation, suggesting a additive relationship between biological scientific discipline ( i.e. marks and symptoms ) and the physical damage ( Mattingly, 1991 ) . Basically, the theoretical account is based on four elements: Designation of forms of marks and symptoms ( i.e. scrutiny and medical history ) ; Inference of the implicit in pathology and doing a diagnosing ; Application of intervention and rehabilitation to the patient, if required ; and Bracing patient status and discharging ( either by full recovery or with staying damage ) ( Waddell, 2006 ; HWCA, 2009 ) . However, this theoretical account has several restrictions. First, it focuses entirely on biological facets and ignores the other parts of other scientific disciplines. Second, it assumes a straight causal relationship between disablement and damage ( HWCA, 2009 ) . Third, the theoretical account fails to affect societal and psychological factors related to disablement and/or damage, particularly since it has been proven that the success of several biological interventions are straight linked to psychosocial factors ( e.g. the alleged ‘Placebo Effect ‘ ) ( Borrell-Carrio et al. , 2004 ) . Finally, the traditional medical theoretical account does non take patient penchant or outlooks into consideration. High-quality medical attention from the point of position of a doctor may non needfully be perceived in the same manner from the point of position of a patient ( Kirch, 2004 ) . The restrictions of the biomedical theoretical account have been known since World War II ( WW II ) , when soldiers suffered from â€Å" shell daze † . Harmonizing to the Oxford English Dictionary ( 2010 ) , shell daze is a term used to depict the psychological perturbation after drawn-out service in active warfare ( besides known as post-traumatic emphasis upset ) . Its prevalence has raised consciousness of the effects of psychological and societal factors on the patient ‘s wellness position and recovery during intervention ( Sahler A ; Carr, 2007 ) . However, despite these restrictions, it should be noted that the traditional medical theoretical account has played an indispensable function in progressing cognition about the mechanisms of diseases, and in developing and researching effectual methods of intervention ( Mai, 1995 ) . The generic theoretical account of psychotherapeutics was developed several old ages ago by Orlinsky and Howard ( 1995 ) . The theoretical account outlines six different aspects or features of the psychotherapeutic procedure which are shared by most clinical psychologists ( Coetzer, 2006 ) . These features represent several variables, including curative operations, the curative contract, self-relatedness, the curative bond, stages of intervention, and in-session impacts ( Orlinsky A ; Howard, 1995 ) . In add-on, Coetzer ( 2006 ) stated that â€Å" The theoretical account possibly besides has the potency for supplying us with the theoretical underpinnings of psychotherapeutic pattern needed to inform intercessions†¦ † ( p.48 ) . However, this theoretical account suggests that societal support is merely linked to disablement or unwellness through its consequence on any of the biological responses that affect disease ( i.e. the immune response, the neuroendocrine response o r the hemodynamic response ) , or through behavioral forms that decrease or increase the hazard of disease ( e.g. a sedentary life manner may increase the hazard of cardiac disease ) ( Cohen, 1998 ) . Furthermore, as pointed out by Prigatano ( 1999 ) , psychotherapeutics might be really appropriate and utile for some people, while for others it might be a waste of clip and energy. Therefore, the generic theoretical account of psychotherapeutics can be used merely as a generalized method of intervention. The patient-centred theoretical account, or patient-centred medical specialty, is a theoretical account introduced by Michael Balint in 1970 to offer a new manner of interaction between patient and clinician. Balint ( 1970 ) argued that patients and clinicians live in two different universes: the universe of the patient as an person, with his or her ain experience of unwellness ; and the clinician ‘s universe of biomedical cognition and clinical expertness. The patient-centred theoretical account efforts to cover with each patient as a alone person, and to understand the ailments, jobs, troubles and concerns expressed by them. Besides, in footings of communicating, patients are expected to play a more active function in decision-making with respect to their intervention options and the ends of clinical attention ( Kirch, 2004 ) . Although the patient-centred theoretical account has frequently been advocated in penchant to other theoretical accounts, because it views health care in a significantly different manner, it has been criticised widely in the literature. The theoretical account focuses on doctor-patient relationship and communicating within that relationship, without taking into history a figure of other factors such as the patient ‘s instruction degree and cognition, differences in cultural experience, spiritual facets, gender differences and so on. For illustration, if the patient ‘s degree of instruction or understanding are low, this will present more stressors for the patient, particularly when it comes to take parting in their ain health care determinations. In add-on, patients enter the doctor-patient relationship with widely diversified belief-systems and outlooks ( Kirch, 2004 ) . Furthermore, in the patient-centred theoretical account, the patients play the function of co-producers. However, this demand does non distinguish whether the relationship occurs in an acute infirmary attention, in primary attention or in rehabilitation, and neither does it distinguish between different intervention scenes and intervention state of affairss. For case, the patient ‘s function is more active and obvious during rehabilitation and wellness publicity than it is in intensive attention units ( Kirch, 2004 ) . Finally, it should be noted that the complexness of different intervention state of affairss and modern medical attention requires a pooling of the accomplishments and cognition from different professions and specializers to heighten inter-professional communicating, teamwork and co-ordination, and the development of cross-professional guidelines ( Kirch, 2004 ) . The stress-centred theoretical account is a comprehensive socio-economic theoretical account that was foremost introduced by Scudder and Colson in 1982. The theoretical account suggests that unwellness is chiefly a consequence of emphasis, and as such it can be buffered by societal support ( Jackson, 2009 ) . Cohen ( 1998 ) stated that societal support apparently works by forestalling behavioral, short-circuiting and biological responses to emphasize, all of which are damaging to well-being. There are two possible mechanisms by which the stress-centred theoretical account might be runing. First, societal support may interfere between the potentially nerve-racking incident ( or the expectancy of the nerve-racking incident ) and the emphasis reaction itself by forestalling or rarefying a emphasis assessment response ( Cohen, 1998 ) . Second, it might be that societal support interferes between the patient ‘s experience of emphasis and the pathological oncoming by extinguishing or cut downing the emotional reaction to the event, which can be achieved by â€Å" straight stifling physiologic procedures, or by changing maladaptive behaviour responses † ( Cohen, 1998, p.278 ) . However, although the stress-centred theoretical account was introduced in the early Eightiess, it has seldom been discussed or applied in the literature. Therefore, it is hard to measure the theoretical account. The psychosocial procedure theoretical account is a theoretical model that attempts to measure and analyze the elements of the emphasis experience ( Marziali A ; Donahue, 2001 ) . The foundation of this theoretical account is the impression that human existences are surrounded by assorted structural agreements, such as chronic life strains, life events, ego constructs and societal support. These constructions all act together to act upon the emphasis procedure and its effects ( Pearlin, 1989 ; Marziali A ; Donahue, 2001 ) . The structural agreements are thought to set up the stressors to which persons are exposed ( Pearlin, 1989 ) . The psychosocial procedure theoretical account embraces three elements: the go-betweens of emphasis, beginnings of emphasis, and response manifestations of emphasis ( Figure 1.4 ) ( Pearline, 1989 ; Marziali A ; Donahue, 2001 ) . Figure 1.4: The psychosocial procedure theoretical account. Adapted from Marziali and Donahue ( 2001 ) . From Figure 1.4 it can be seen that the theoretical account hypothesises a direct nexus between the nature of psychosocial mediation and the biological procedure. One of the strengths of the psychosocial procedure theoretical account is the designation and clear definition of the possible go-betweens of the emphasis procedure ( Marziali A ; Donahue, 2001 ) . However, although the theoretical account is multiconceptual in its attack, it addresses each construct individually and moves in merely one way ( i.e. from societal support to biological wellbeing ) without sing other waies or feedback cringles ( Cohen, 1998 ; Salovey A ; Rothman, 2003 ) . In add-on, the psychosocial procedure theoretical account focuses chiefly on support, and respects this as the primary booster of wellness. The theoretical accounts presented in this subdivision have different conjectural foundations and different positions of recovery. However, much of what has been discussed may besides be applied to the holistic construct of medical specialty. Each of the five theoretical accounts has its ain restrictions, and all focus either on support as the primary supplier for wellness, or on a deficiency of support ( i.e. in instances of unwellness that require isolation ) ( Cohen, 1998 ; Salovey A ; Rothman, 2003 ) . Therefore, it could be suggested that these theoretical accounts are recursive in nature ( Cohen, 1998 ; Salovey A ; Rothman, 2003 ) . The following tabular array ( Table 1.3 ) summarises the five theoretical accounts, foregrounding the strengths and failings in each theoretical account. Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Traditional medical theoretical account The chief focal point of this theoretical account is on the physical causes of the disease. Physicians are expected to inquire inquiries merely about the oncoming, causes and history of the disease. Physical scrutinies, X-rays and/or other lab trials. Medical program ( short and long term ends ) for the patient depending on the biological aetiology of the disease. Generic theoretical account Doctors aim to determine the psychotherapeutic attack. In add-on to a physical scrutiny, doctors may inquire about behavioral forms and forms of relationships between the psychotherapeutics procedure and the result may emerge. Considerable attending to psychological and societal facets, associating these to biological responses. Available medical intercessions are discussed, concentrating on the psychological and societal facets environing the patient. Patient-centred theoretical account Doctors aim to understand the patient and to develop an effectual doctor-patient relationship. Based on doctor-patient communicating, in add-on to physical scrutinies, X-rays and/or other lab trials. Treatment intercession is a reciprocally agreed determination between the patient and the doctor. Stress-centred theoretical account Focus on societal facets. Patient communicating and physical scrutiny. By supplying societal support to buffer physical unwellness. Psychosocial procedure theoretical account Evaluate and analyse the elements of the emphasis experience. Concentrating on go-betweens of emphasis, beginnings of emphasis and response manifestations. In add-on to physical scrutiny. Concentrating chiefly on support and see it as booster to wellness. Table 1.3: comparing between the five theoretical accounts act uponing recovery from hurt. Adapted from Burton et Al. ( 2008 ) . How to cite Models Of Recovery After Injuries Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Operations Management of a Coffee Shop-Free-Sample for Students

Question: The National Franchising headquarters for a large Coffeehouse chain has received Complaints about the service, quality, and cleanliness of one of its cafs in your area. You have been sent to Inspect and to report on what you see. Answer: Background Wake Up coffee is one of the leading coffee shop chain in Australia. One of the franchisee operates in La Trobe street Melbourne which is one of the famous and busiest streets of Melbourne. It has been two years that the coffee house in La Trobe street have started the operations. Initially the operations of the company was good but from the past six months the customer complaints have increased, the complaints were based on the quality of services provided to the customers are not up to the mark. Some of the customers complained about the mismanagement due to lack of staffs, they complained about delays in their deliveries and also the quality of coffee, beverages and the snacks provided in the coffee house have been deteriorating. The complaints of the customers have raised concerns and the authorities in the headquarters in Sydney are worried about the fall in the sales and increase in customer complaints. To understand the depth of the issue an investigation was conducted, which followed two visits to the coffee shop. Problem Identified The main problem that led to the investigation was the customer dissatisfaction. The increasing number of complaints regarding the food and the service quality at the coffee shop has been identified as the main reason that led to the investigation. Another reason was the fall in sales of the franchisee so the business owners decided to cooperate in the investigation so that proper strategies can be implemented for resolving the issues (Mahadevan, 2015). Purpose of the report The purpose of the report is the identification of the issues within the coffee house In-depth analysis of the problem Knowledge of the feedback of the customers and their satisfaction level from the product and services provided by the company For finding solutions of the problems and making an operational plan that would consist activities to increase operational efficiency at the coffee shop. Significance of the report This report is very for the national franchising headquarter of the coffee chain and to the franchisee as well. This report will find the limitations of the operations. It would help the franchisee to implement measures to improve the customer service. After this report the business owners would be able to find the actual reason for the decline of the sales. They can train the employees and lead them towards the right direction so that good quality customer service can be provided aiming at increasing the customer satisfaction level. For any business to gain sustainability, it is very important to gain customers trust. Loyal customers are the key to sustainability of the business. A happy and satisfied customer will always bring customers that are more new and thus business will grow. So, it is very important to keep the existing customers happy. In the present scenario of the organization, mismanagement has led to customer dissatisfaction and fall in sales of the coffee house. This review report will guide the management while making strategies and operational plan for the business. Scope of the report The report focuses on the problem and issues found out from the inspections done on the coffee house. Apart from identifying the issues, the report also analyzes the problems within the organization. After the analysis have been done solutions would be given so that proper measure are taken for combating the crisis situation that the coffee house is currently facing. Data collection The data collected for the review report was based on personal investigation that was carried out in two different occasions. The investigations aimed at finding the problems that caused problems within the organization. One of the visits was made during the month of August after the increase in the customers complaints. The method used for data collection was investigation. Therefore, the data used for this report are primary data because they have found out through field research and customer feedback. One of the visits was a surprise visit so that the operation procedure can be evaluated properly. Paying a visit by informing the franchisee might alarm them and there are chances that some of the issues might not be highlighted. Maximum issues came into light during the first visit to the coffee house. In the second visit in the month of September, the focus was mainly on the inventory management of the coffee house and customer feedback because these two things were left in the ini tial investigation. Organization The report starts with introduction that contains background detail describing the scenario that led to the issue. It contains problem identification, followed by purpose of the report, the next thing included in the introduction section is significance of review reporting. There is a detailed discussion on the type of data and method for data collection is used. The next section of the report contains discussions from the findings of the investigation. The last section of this report contains recommendations and conclusions. Discussions of the findings This part of the report consists detailed discussion of the findings and the impact of the findings to the business. Finding 1. Less number of employees- During the first visit made to the Wake Up coffee shop it was found that there were less number of employees to to manage the operations. The customers were comparatively much more in number than the employees. In such case it is pretty obvious that there would be mismanagement. The employees found it difficult to take the orders from the customers and deliver the orders on time. There was a situation of chaos within the coffee shop. The time gap between a placed order and its delivery was too much and the customers were frustrated. Some of the customers were seen walking out of the coffee house. Only five staffs were seen on the first visit two were taking orders, two were engaged in preparation of coffee and one was at the front desk as concierge. It was noon and rush hour, so less number of employees caused chaos. Analysis- Less number of employees in rush hour causes mismanagement. More employees are required to be hired for working in the rush hours of the day because there are more number of people that would be visiting the coffee shops in the rush hours. Finding 2. Quality of the service The mismanagement was so much that wrong orders were placed to the customers. Analysis- The service quality was very poor, the inspector also placed an order and it was found that delivery time of a cup of coffee was 25 mnts, which was too late. The cup that for serving coffee was not properly cleaned. For service industry it is very important that the quality of service is of high standard, if the company wants to create a competitive advantage in the market or else even the existing customers will prefer other service providers. Finding 3. Quality of products- The quality of the coffee served was not up to the mark, it is completely different from what is being committed to the employees. Even other customers were complaining about the quality of coffee and snacks, were very poor. The muffins that were being served to the customers were not fresh. Analysis- The quality of the food or coffee that is being served is not as per the quality that is being committed. Some of the loyal customers complained that initially the quality of the snacks like, muffins, cakes, pastries and other desserts was much better than what is being served presently. It is very important that the customers expectations are always met, failure to providing the quality that has been committed often becomes the reason for complaints. Finding 4. Cleanliness Another major issue that came in to light during the second visits was the cleanliness was not maintained. All the restrooms were dirty and were smelling that made the customers very agitated. Tables and chairs were not properly kept. The windows were not dusted, the table cloths and curtains also were not properly cleaned. The whole atmosphere was not not appealing and rather it seemed very gloomy. When the refrigerators and the kitchen of the coffee shop was inspected it was found that the refrigerators were very dirty and stale food products were also found. Analysis- Ambience of the coffee shops are also important, a soothing atmosphere makes the customers to visit the place repeatedly seeing it from the perspective of a first time visitor it would give a bad impression to the company. They would never prefer to visit the place again and will also spread negative word of mouth. A dirty place always gives a bad impression and it is also risky for the customers in terms of their health. Hygiene is the most important factor for any organization. Finding 5. Decreased number of customers- During the second visit, it was found that the number of customers has quite decreased. Even in the second visit the investigator preferred to visit in the rush hour but there were very less customers. Analysis- Decrease in the number of customers is the clear sign that the business of the company is running in loss. Compared to the previous visit the number of customers had significantly reduced. Finding 6- Looking at the sales reports of the company it was found that from the past six months the sales of the company was falling considerably. The operating cost of the coffee shop was still the same but the revenue had decreased Analysis- It is very clear that the fall in sales was because of the poor quality of service and other factors that compelled the customers to switch to other service providers. Finding 7- From the customer feedback during the second visit it was found that most of the customers were dissatisfied with the either the service or the ambience of the coffee shop. Some of the customers even complained that they are not getting the value of the services that they are being provided by the company. Analysis- Customer satisfaction is the most important criteria for business growth and it the determinant that either brings loss to a business or profit. In this case, customer dissatisfaction has been the root cause for all the issues. Conclusion Thus from the following report it can be concluded that there are severe issues that are being faced by the coffee house chain Wake up. The coffee chain has many outlets and franchisee in Australia. The good will of the coffee chain will be lost if the situation remained same. The headquarter of the WakeUp has been getting complaints, from the past six months the complaints have been increased. The complaints are not just one issue there are multiple issues that are faced by the customers. Poor quality of food products and services has been one of the consistent complaints from the end of the customers. Customers have also been complaining about issues like, late delivery of orders and they have to wait for around 25 mnts for a cup of coffee. The complaints raised the concerns of the authorities in the National franchising headquarter of the coffee shop and therefore two visits were paid. The aim of the visits was to investigate the reality of the complaints and the reason behind the inefficiency at the coffee shop. After the visits, one was pre-notified and in the other visit the investigator visited as a customer. It was found from the investigation that most of the complaints of the customers were true. There was mismanagement because there were very few staffs in the rush hour. Hygiene was not maintained properly. Customer service and the food products including the coffee served at the coffee shop was not of good quality. Therefore, there is a need for an operational plan that could increase and improve the overall efficiency of the coffee shop. Recommendations Looking at the condition of the coffee shop and the decline in the sales, certain measures have been taken so that the efficiency of the coffee shop can be improved and it achieves its goals and objectives. The recommendations aims at helping the business gain its previous position. Increasing the number of the employees- This was the first finding that the number of employees were very less. During rush hour, it is suggested that the coffee shop should have at least 4 staffs who would be taking the orders from the customers and 5 people who would be engaged in preparing the orders of the customers. Improvement in the preparation methods- One of the reasons behind late deliveries of orders are inefficiency in preparation procedures. Among the five members two of the staffs would collect the orders from the staffs in the dining area and assemble them, they will communicate the orders to the other three staffs in the preparation section. The order would be prepared accordingly. Unless and until an order is not completed another order would not be processed. Training and development- The employees should be trained so that they can provide quality of service as well as quality of coffee and the desserts provided. Generally the desserts are not prepared within the coffee shop but ordered from a local bakery, so it is the duty of the staffs in the kitchen to see that stale products are not delivered to the customers. A standard preparation technique needs to be followed so that the standard of the coffee servings are same as the main outlets of Wakeup coffee shop. For this purpose the standard methodology should be send to the franchisee and it is the duty of the franchisee to see that it conducts training for its staffs members. Training should also be given for providing quality customer service (Heizer, 2016). Cleanliness- Another issue that was found in the investigation and also in the customer complaints was regarding cleanliness. The coffee shop should hire employees who would clean the coffee shop, change the table clothes and curtains regularly. Dusting should also be done regularly. The restrooms should be kept clean and there should be availability of water and toiletries. The ambience of the coffee shop should be made as soothing as possible by using beautiful lights and modern furniture. A slow music might make the atmosphere more pleasing. Increase of sales- For increase in sales the company needs to focus on many things like customer relationship, promotion and advertisements. For customer relationship the coffee shop needs to improve its customer service and customer handling, an efficient manager should be hired for handling the customer grievance and resolves issues related to orders, so that no customer walks out of the coffee shop. For advertisements it is not necessary that the company spends too much on advertising activities it can simply use print media for advertising. Flyers and brochures stating would be enough for advertising. Promotion- For promotion also the coffee shop does not need to spend much they simply can plan a re-launch of the coffee shop, where few offers, discount coupons would be enough for making for attracting customers on the re-launch. Seeing the image of the coffee shop and the decrease in sales, in order to gain its previous position the coffee shop will have to take a re-launch as a service development measure. The re-launch should be planned and the customers should be informed in advance with the help of flyers that will have information about the revised menu and offers or discounts for the customers so that the re-launch of the coffee house is successful (Davis et al., 2013). Operational plan For re-launch of the coffee shop a number of resources would be required that the company. One of the most important resource that would be required for the coffee-shop are human resources. More employees would be hired, five more employees would be hired including, and a quality manager would also be hired who would be looking at the customer service quality provided to the customers. Fund for the re-launch, promotional activities and for buying equipments including a new coffee machine and refrigerator, will be raised from the financial institutions, a loan of dollar 5000 would be sufficient for re-launch and promotional activities. The key performance indicators would be the feedback of the customers and increase in sales. The feedback from the customers will be taken through the help of questionnaires of customer feedback diary where they can write their feedback and rate the coffee shop, this will help a lot in knowing the feedback of the customers and their level of satisfaction which would also be an indicator for performance of the coffee shop. Another key indicator for performance would be the increase in sales and the number of customers that visit the coffee shop. If customers would visit the coffee shop on several occasions then it would simply mean that the customers are satisfied and happy with the service of Wakeup. Increase in profit would also be a key indicator that the coffee shop is performing well after the implementation of the operational plan. A contingency plan will be made if the re-launch fails. The alternative plan is that if the re-launch fails. Wakeup will start a bakery for the growth of its business the operational plan will be communicated with the help of e-mails and letters. A memo would be circulated would be circulated among the employees to communicate them about the weekly activities that would be carried out in the coffee shop. Gantt chart, timeline for showing the weekly activities of the coffee shop Activities Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Hiring employees Buying equipments Renovation of Coffee Shop Advertising and Promotion Training and development The recruitment of the employees will be done according to the hr policy of the company References Davis, B., Lockwood, A., Pantelidis, I., Alcott, P. (2013).Food and beverage management. Routledge. Freed, S. (2017). FIRST IMPR ESSIONS.Professional Builder. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (Eds.). (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Heizer, J. (2016).Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Jahanshani, A. A., Hajizadeh, G. M. A., Mirdhamadi, S. A., Nawaser, K., Khaksar, S. M. S. (2014). Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Mahadevan, B. (2015).Operations management: Theory and practice. Pearson Education India.Torres, E., Kline, S. (2013). From customer satisfaction to customer delight: Creating a new standard of service for the hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(5), 642-659.

Setting Macroeconomic Policies

Inflation is a situation in the economy whereby the prices of goods and services continue rising while the income of consumers remain the same. During inflation times many people lose jobs and the cost of acquiring raw materials goes up resulting to increases in prices of commodities and many employees are laid off.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Setting Macroeconomic Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government through the central bank should effect policies such as the monetary policy, fiscal policy and wage control policies that shall reverse this situation. The monetary policy is aimed at reducing the amount of money in circulation and reducing its supply by the central bank. Initially, the government sets the inflation target and the Monetary Policy Committee forecasts the expected future inflation through economic statistics and imposes measures to curb it so as to meet the target (Pettinger 20 07). One of the measures is increasing the interest rates if the inflation rate is expected to go beyond the target. When the interest rates are high, they discourage people and banks from borrowing funds thus reducing money at their disposal. The high cost of borrowing imposed on commercial banks as they acquire funds from the central bank forces them to extend the cost to consumers, in terms of high interest rate. On the other hand, the central bank should increase reserve requirements where the commercial banks are expected to keep a certain amount of money with the central bank. Under this policy, the amount is increased up to the level the banks will be able to reduce money in circulation. Besides, the government can use the fiscal policy that involves increasing taxes coupled with a reduction on its expenditure. When taxes are increased, the amount of income at people’s disposal is reduced proportionately with the rate. This has the effect of decreasing the profits comp anies get, salaries and wages. It’s worth noting that the government spends a lot of public funds on various projects such as construction of roads, electricity and telecommunication. This kind of expenditure increases money available to the public increasing the possibility of inflation in the economy. Hence, if the government could cut its expenditure on infrastructure and other projects, it could curb inflation effects.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another policy is that of wage rate control where employers are required to pay their employees for labor service up to a given level. This too is aimed at decreasing the amount of money the employees can access at a given time. The implications of this policy are that, the employees’ purchasing power is limited. Their demand for commodities is reduced and this pulls the prices down thereby curbing inflation. F inally, the government can employ supply side policies although they take time to reverse the effects of inflation (Pettinger 2007). Unemployment is a situation where there are no jobs to people who have the skills and experience for such positions. This at times arises out of retrenchment where employers lay off some workers to reduce the costs of production so that they can maximize their profits. This situation renders many people jobless affecting their living standards resulting to depression and suicidal attempts as those experienced during the great depression in the world economy. The government should hold talks with the employers and ask them not to lay off their employees, but instead reduce their working hours when the demand for their goods and services goes down. In addition, the government should provide incentives to the private sector by lifting tax and other barriers to job creation (Weisbrot 2011). These barriers include licensing, registration, and other industri al regulations. Lifting tax on the private sector has the effect of attracting investors from abroad to invest in the domestic country, creating more job opportunities. When taxes on the private sector are lifted their expenditure reduces significantly creating additional money to pay workers hence no need to lay them off. The government can also take an unemployment insurance to cover the expenses by the private sector for retaining workers despite the looming economic turn-down.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Setting Macroeconomic Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government can speed up the country’s GDP by ensuring that its projects and programs are finished in time as they contribute significantly to economic growth. On the other hand, it can limit imports allowing it only to capital goods that are not produced within the country or whose cost of production is high (Morrison 2006). Also, employing cheap labor will help cut costs involved in the country’s production and also increase the production levels. This in return has the effect of creating employment opportunities for those who qualify for it. Other approaches the government can take include economic reforms to ensure that mechanisms that have been devised are adhered to by employing the right people for the right jobs. Economic reforms also deal with ensuring that taxes are collected in time and at least everyone pays tax. Taxes such as value added tax on commodities indirectly imposed on goods helps to create equality in the economy in the sense that, even the poor person who buys from the market is taxed. Removing price controls will also allow market demand and supply forces to determine prices as these controls are deemed by the employers as unfair to their businesses. They in turn react by hoarding commodities until their prices rise significantly. Price controls are viewed by economists as temp oral tools of curbing inflation which lead to shortages of essential commodities such as sugar, rice, flour among others. When these shortages last for long, they impact negatively on the lives of the consumers leading to deteriorating health status especially of the poor from developing countries whose governments have complicated bureaucracies to correct such situations. Investing in education has a role to play in healthcare, well-being and social care of people (Lardy 2007). This is because educated people are well equipped with basics of public health and this in return accords them good life. The government can also open up health facilities across the country to cater for the sick because it is believed that, a health nation has got health people.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many people from developed countries have access to social care facilities and this enables them to enjoy quality lives. Hence the government should invest substantive funds of its budget on education, healthcare and social well being of its citizens if it has prospects of facilitating its GDP growth. Finally, for the country to experience a stable growth in its GDP, then they need to revive their stock market. This has to do with first educating people on financial skills and how to be risk averse in portfolio management. In case the stock market is revived, then they should allow at least 75 percent of their citizens and only 25 percent of foreigners to invest in the exchange market. This provides opportunities for the locals to grow economically. References Lardy, N 2007, China: Rebalancing economic growth, Peter Institute of International Economics. Morrison, W 2006, China’s economic conditions. Web. Pettinger, T 2007, Policies to reduce inflation. Web. Weisbrot, M 2011, How to reduce unemployment and revive the economy. Web. This essay on Setting Macroeconomic Policies was written and submitted by user Dirty F0x to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Anaxagoras and Aristophanes Essay

Anaxagoras and Aristophanes Essay Anaxagoras and Aristophanes Essay Anaxagoras and Aristophanes: Key roles in Plato’s Apology PL 201: Introduction to Philosophy Doctor Geoffrey Batchelder In The Apology: Defence of Socrates, Plato records the trial and sentencing of his mentor and teacher, Socrates. Socrates, though he would argue otherwise, is a very wise man and a great orator and debater. If the record of this trial is accurate, and we can assume that it is through the cross-examination of other records, Socrates makes his case very well and should not have even been in court. However, despite his great defense, insurmountable evidence to support his innocence, and the lack of validity in the trial itself, Socrates is found guilty on the old charges of teaching and getting paid to teach the ways of science and rhetoric, and on the new charges of corrupting the youth and religious nonconformity. He is sentenced to death by poison and accepts his fate willingly. As previously mentioned, Socrates argues his defense with great eloquence and poise. He uses every tool in his vocabulary arsenal, including his ability to show his accusers that they contradict themselves readily and unknowingly. Socrates is also sure to allude too many of his contemporaries. These allusions come about in many different ways. Some arise from accusers that may not necessarily be present or even be fully aware that they are in fact accusers themselves. Such is the case when Socrates mentions the playwright Aristophanes. Other allusions are made because Socrates is accused of actions or matters that do not concern him at all and are instead the matters of others; contemporaries. This occurs when Socrates references that some of the accusations Meletus makes against him are in fact accusations that would only make sense to make against a man named Anaxagoras. These two allusions are a brief but significant component of Socrates’ that unfortunately would ultimately become his undoing. In the beginning of The Apology, Socrates explains the first set of charges, which are teaching skewed methods of science and rhetoric, and how these may in fact be the most difficult to defend against. These charges stem from a group of individuals who have grown up with these accusations being accepted widely as truth. Socrates explains, â€Å"†¦those accusers are numerous, and have been denouncing me for a long time now, and they also spoke to you at an age at which you would be most likely to believe them, when some of you were children or young lads; and their accusations simply went by default for lack of any defense.† 1 In this part of the speech, Socrates explains that what is difficult in particular about these early accusations is that not only have they been around for so long and so widely accept, but no one has contested them in any way. This then leads to what Socrates believes to be, â€Å"†¦the most absurd thing of all is that one cannot even get to know their names or say who they were – except perhaps one who happens to be a comic playwright.†2 This currently anonymous playwright, who will be named in a later quotation as Aristophanes, is largely to blame for the spread of these accusations. Even if he was not accusing Socrates formally, his success as a playwright allows him to reach the public in ways that others perhaps common folk, who Socrates is unable to name, can. The patrons who then go and see this play, where â€Å"a character called ‘Socrates’ swings around, claims to be walking on air, and talks a lot of other nonsense on subjects of which [Socrates] has no understanding, great or small,†3 then make the association between this Socrates and the real one. This is engrained in the minds of the people and becomes common knowledge. These

Barbara Goldsmith Other Powers Essay Research Paper

Barbara Goldsmith Other Powers Essay, Research Paper Barbara Goldsmith, writer of Other Powers, demonstrated many times throughout the book that sexual relationships were domains of force dealingss in which power is displayed. One such sexual relationship where there were domains of force dealingss, in which power was displayed, is the relationship between Roxanna ( Roxy ) Hummel Claflin and Reuben Buckman ( Buck ) Claflin, where Buck had great power over his married woman Roxy. Another sexual relationship in which there were domains of force dealingss, in which power was displayed, is the relationship between Josie Mansfield and Jim Fisk where the power went both ways. The relationship between Roxy and Buck Claflin began when Buck was given a room next to Roxy at John Snyder s. They married each other four months subsequently and because of Buck s wealth he was the powerful figure in the relationship. Buck had the most power because he put Roxy to work stating lucks in impermanent collapsible shelters where the land was covered with sawdust, moistness from baccy juice. ( Goldsmith 15 ) Roxy would soothe the adult females that came up to her with her visions. She ensured adult females, during a clip when many babes were deceasing, that there dead babies were happy in the bosom of the Lord. Buck used disclosures made by Roxy, about the wickednesss of her clients, in his blackmail strategies where he became even more affluent than he already was. The fact that Buck had so much power and control over Roxy he was allowed to make whatever he wanted at anytime, which is how Victoria Woodhull was conceived. When Roxy went brainsick one time while listening to a sermonizers address, Buck became angered with her and dragged her behind a bench and forced himself into her. Buck ruled perfectly over his household. His power position over the remainder of the household was obvious and non merely his childs but his wif vitamin E were simply his belongings. This proves that Buck Claflin was the more powerful figure if non the one figure who possessed all the power within his relationship with his married woman Roxy. Josie Mansfield, one time the married woman of Frank Lawlor, became highly hapless and was unable to hold more than one frock and pay her rent. In order to do money to last, she became a cocotte and while on the occupation she met Jim Fisk, who was known for giving big money parts to any reasonably cocotte who caught his oculus ( Goldsmith 160 ) . She was highly powerful in her relationship with Fisk because of her ability to decline his money and snub his progresss. She did this for three months and in the procedure inflated her worth greatly. Finally she began to accept the money of Jim Fisk and she even had a permanent consequence on Jim Fisk s physical visual aspect. He began to pare his moustache and waxed the terminals to handlebar flawlessness ( 160 ) . He began to have on Gallic Cologne and kept his boots shined. He did fundamentally whatever he could to seek and affect Josie Mansfield and because of her great power due to her difficult to acquire manner, she benefited greatl y from Jim Fisk. She even became a adult female of great manner and she neer once more had to have on the same frock twice. It was apparent that even during times when adult females were oppressed and denied many rights, there were still chosen adult females who had what it takes to be successful in a relationship with a adult male. Both of these sexual relationships illustrate ways in which domains of force dealingss were present within the show of power. Both Buck Claflin and Josie Mansfield each were the 1s in their ain relationships that had the bulk of the power over the other. With Buck, his power was fundamentally absolute. Josie Mansfield, nevertheless, although she had great power, could hold had it easy taken away by Jim Fisk.

Econometrics; empirical research paper; cigarette and education Essay

Econometrics; empirical research paper; cigarette and education - Essay Example Richter’s assertions confirm Godin’s argument that if at all an individual cumulate the number of hours/minutes spend while smoking and then compare with the level of output, then the relationship will not be proportional, rather lopsided. To determine the reliability and validity of the Richter’s and Godin’s assertions, data was collected and analyzed. The data variables were years of schooling, cigarettes smoked per day, years of smoking and annual income. The results from the collected data follow below; From the above multiple regression model with years of schooling as the dependent variable and years of smoking, annual income ($) and number of cigarettes smoked per day, the regression equation can be formulated as shown below; (Where Y = Number of smoking years, I = annual income and C = cigarettes smoked per day). From equation 1, a unit increase in years of smoking means that the person spend few year in school by a factor of 0.029 holding annual income and cigarettes smoked per day constant (controlling for annual income and cigarettes smoked per day constant). Further, an increase in cigarettes smoked per day by one cigarette means that the person spend few year in school by a factor of 0.016 holding annual income and years of smoking constant (controlling for annual income and years of smoking). The effect of years of schooling on the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years is significant at 5% level of significance [t = -4.963, p

Female Issues in Streetcar and Hedda Movie Review

Female Issues in Streetcar and Hedda - Movie Review Example She fabricated lies to make herself look good and hide her weakness. She presented herself as someone with breeding and educated background although in reality, she was an alcoholic and a former prostitute who had a penchant for seducing younger men. Her husband committed suicide when she insulted him after her discovery of his homosexuality. She seemed to believe her delusions to be the truth because the lies gave her the life she dreams of living. She was desperately looking for someone who would shower her with kindness and end her loneliness. Stella's husband, Stanley, though, despised Blanche's phony glamour and affectations and discovered her checkered past. He wanted to put her in her place and he confronted her with the truth when they were left alone. In the battle of wills and passionate rage, Stanley raped Blanche. This finally brought Blanche over the edge and deep into madness. Hedda Gabler Tesman (Hedda Gabler), daughter of an aristocratic general who belongs to the suburban, middle-class family at the turn of the century (1890's) was a strong-willed woman who would get what she wanted. She projected the image of a much-admired lady and was presumed to be an ideal housewife for the academician George Tesman. Although she secretly despised the passive George, she married him on the belief that he would be able to provide her with a comfortable and luxurious life based on his future expectations as a University Professor. George's coveted position though was threatened by the arrival of a colleague, Ejlert Lovborg, who was also romantically involved with Hedda in the past. Lovborg unleashed the inner passions of Hedda but she turned him away because he represented everything that was against her ideals of a husband. To add injury to the insult, Lovborg had a turnaround with the influence of Mrs. Thea Elvsted whom Hedda has hated since their school years. He dda held a deep-seated jealousy of Thea's comfortable and natural femininity. The much hyped about publication of Lovborg's latest work was presumed to give him the boost to overtake the promotion of George Tesman. Thea was helping Lovborg in the publication of his work. Lovborg, however, during one of his drinking sprees, lost the manuscript. Hedda deceptively got hold of them and burned them. Lovborg confessed to Hedda about the lost manuscript and Hedda, the manipulative lady, played on Lovborg's disturbed state of mind and gave him the pistol which he later used to kill himself. In Hedda's mind, Lovborg death would give her the freedom to enjoy the beautiful life she so desired. However, she was jolted back to reality when she was told by Judge Barack, a sinister man who had hidden desire for Hedda that Lovborg did not die of suicide and hinted that he knew where the pistol that Lovborg used came from. This was the final blow to Hedda's dreams and she committed suicide. The two films had depicted the struggles of the two women heroines to reconcile what they thought would become of their lives (their dreams) with what they had become

Marketing of Liability Products of Bank Essay Example for Free

Marketing of Liability Products of Bank Essay There are number of Liabilty products, some of the liability products are listed below * Savings Account * Fixed Deposit Account * Recurring Deposit * Current Account * NRI Account Etc†¦. These products are the basic products of bank which are taking new dimensions in the banking world as the competition is tougher. The products which are mentioned above are the products of Retail Banking. Wholesale banking is another big segment of bank which deals with the SME and Corporate clients. WholeSale Banking Though Internet banking as a concept has not caught the fancy of a majority of customers as yet-even the small percentage that does use it, makes a difference to the overall cost. Almost all leading banks in India are hoping that just as ATMs saw a period of inaction before they were accepted by Indian masses, Internet banking too would be adopted once customers are comfortable with the technology. For instance, in 1998 India had just 500 ATMs today it has close to 7,500. Advertising Boards; According to the case study which we have done in the Bhubaneswar city from Rabi Talkies to Janapath. The Advertising Boards are very rarely used , we found only one Hoarding that belongs to Bank of Baroda in Bapuji Nagar and that too was removed after a week from our survey. The other advertisement which is given in the bus stand by HDFC in Lewis Road. Analysis; Bank’s believe less on this strategy of advertisement. The Case study was done in a very short distance so this might or might not be the actual situation. Social Media Marketing Strategy * Bank Adverts on certain Websites * Social media in business allows anyone and everyone to express and share * Social networking sites act as word of mouth. (For example Facebook, Twitter, Google+ etc†¦) * Professional Sites like Linkedin * â€Å"retweet† or â€Å"repost†-repeating the message * Sharing videos through â€Å"Youtube† They advertise the bank products through different finance related, business related etc websites. As we can see in the above screen shots from different websites we could understand that Banks rely on Social Media Marketing too to advertise and publicize their products. Conclusion We have analysed different strategies of the bank from Marketing Mix to Technology Based Marketing. From analysing in all aspects the only strategy which is helping and which will help the bank to be successful is Product Innovation. High Interest or discounts are not going to help the bank anymore because the customers are expecting the high quality service not the interest from the bank. People have become Quality conscious in the recent past so the new products and the service of that particular product in a appropriate way will help the banks to reach greater Heights.

recolections of ww2 :: essays research papers

At the age of about nine, in the year 1939, Alexandra Grochowska (my grandmother) experienced the terrors of World War 2. She lived in a town called Lodz with her parents and two sisters, one, two years older and one, two years younger. On the 1st of September (the day that war broke out) it was warm and sunny Alexandra and her sisters, knowing the war was coming, went for a swim in the nearby dam.As they swam they saw a group of german plains flying overhead, heading for Warszawa (Polands capital city), this meant the war was starting. However many things happened that day, to signal the start of the war, being so young, reality did not hit home. At the end of that day, Alexandra and her sisters arrived back at home, nothing happened for the next few days, the last days of her happy childhood. In the next few days the German Army invaded Lodz, closed down all the Polish schools and introduced curfew hours between 9:00pm and 6:00am. Jews were told to sew 6 pointed stars onto their clothes and some of her best friends were Jews. Alexandra's parents and all polish people were told to purchase black paper to cover their windows with at night time when their lights were on so that the city could not be spotted by plains flying overhead. In trams, Alexandra, like all other polish people, was not allowed in the first cart which was always reserved for Germans. Her city's name was changed to a german one (Lizmanstad), as well as all the city street names. Food tickets were brought in for bread, milk,meat etc. All of a sudden the life she had known had completely changed, she had to growup quickly to adjust to the situation. All Polish schools had been shut down, so in a daring move teachers put their lives on the line to organise secret lessons. Alexandra went to these lessons and one in particular stuck out in her mind. They were sitting in the makeshift classroom learning when, suddenly, the son of the teacher,who was standing on lookout, burst in the door saying that the German patrol is coming,in all the panic and comotion of re-arranging the room one boy panicked and jumped out of the first floor window. In jumping out of the window his ring finger (which had a ring on it) got caught on a nail which was protruding out of the sill.

Child and Young Person Development Essay

Learning outcome 1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include:  ·Physical development  ·Communication and intellectual development  ·Social, emotional and behavioural development Birth to 3 years The expected pattern starts at 0-3 years where a child is expected to develop the most. They have little control over their bodies at 0-1 years and are dependent on their natural instincts eg: sucking, grasping. Newborn New Born babies use their senses from the moment they are born, they can already recognise their mothers voice and smell and they have natural reflexes for example the Walking and standing reflex which occurs when babies are held upright with their feet on a firm surface, they usually make stepping movements. Physical Development Swallowing and sucking reflexes – These ensure that the baby can feed and swallow milk Rooting reflex – The baby will move its head to look for a nipple or teat. Grasp reflex – The baby will automatically put her fingers around an object that has touched the palm of her hand. Startle reflex – When babies hear a sudden sound or bright light, they will react by moving their arms outwards and clenching their fists Walking and standing reflex – When babies are held upright with their feet on a firm surface, they usually make stepping movements Falling reflex – This is known as the Moro reflex. Babies will stretch out their arms suddenly and then clasp inwards in any situations in which they feel that they are falling. Communication and Intellectual development Babies at birth cry in order to communicate their needs, they may cry when they are hungry, in pain, need feeding, changing or just cuddling. They also start to look around and react to sounds. Social, Emotional and Behavioural Development Babies and their primary carers, usually their mothers, begin to develop a strong, close bond from very early on. You might see that the baby at times stares at the mother and the mother is very aware of her baby. One month In a short month, babies have changed already. They might appear less curled up and more relaxed. Babies at one month have usually started to settle into a sleeping pattern. They sleep quite a lot of the time, but will gradually start to spend longer times awake. They cry to communicate their needs and their parents may be starting to understand the different types of cries. Babies too are learning about their parents or carers. They may stop crying when they hear soothing voices. They also try hard to focus on the face of whoever is holding them. Physical development Reflexes are not as strong although the baby will be growing stronger and may be able to lift their heads for a short while, whilst held upright. Babies can see more clearly than at birth. He enjoys looking at bold patterns and human faces, and can track an object with his eyes He begins to uncurl his hands, and may wave his arms and kick when excited. Communication and intellectual development At one month babies may stop crying because they hear a familiar voice, they are also becoming more expressive and may start to coo and gurgle when they see you. Babies may mimic the mouth movements and facial expressions of adults. Social, emotional and behavioural development Babies may stop crying as they are picked up, but start crying when they are put down. Babies will start to relax during bath time or when their nappies are changed. Three to six months Babies in three months have grown in height and weight. They are wearing new sets of clothes and have changed in many ways. Some babies have learned the difference between day and night and are able to sleep through the night, which is a great help to parents. Babies are also crying less and most parents are getting more familiar with what their cries mean. They may start to sleep a little less and are far more alert Babies at six months have learnt many skills. They are very alert and turn their heads to see what is happening. They enjoy playing and show it by smiling and squealing with delight. They are able to focus on an object and explore it if it seems interesting. Babies also start to show us that they understand a little of what we are saying and try to communicate with us. Physical Development Babies will start to lift and turn their heads, using their arms to support their upper body when lying on their stomach. Babies will start to take an Interest in playing with fingers and opening and closing hands. Exploring toys and objects in the mouth as well as with fingers Babies will be able to Sit up with support and later, without support They will start Rolling over from back to front They will stretch their legs out and kick when lying on stomach or back Pushes down on legs when feet are placed on a firm surface# Babies will bring their hands together intentionally and soon after will try to bat at objects or grasp things Communication and intellectual development Babies may get excitement when it is time to be fed Babies will start to notice mobiles and objects around them They show Enjoyment when simple games such as pat-a-cake are repeated Curiosity as babies look to see what is happening around them Babies will begin Babbling, laughing and squealing and imitate some sounds They will respond to their name Follows moving objects with eyes Watches faces closely and recognizes familiar objects and people at a distance Starts using hands and eyes in coordination Babies will start to respond to music, turn head toward sound and smiles at the sound of your voice Social, emotional and behavioural development Babies will start to enjoy Bath time They will smile back when they see a smiling face. Babies are learning to recognize familiar faces and will display smiles of delight when they are playing with their primary carers. They will lift their arms up to show a parent that they want to be picked up. They enjoy playing with others and may cry when playing stops Become more expressive and communicates more with face and body Babies will be drawn to their image in mirrors Learn how to comfort themselves Nine Months Babies’ physical development is now very noticeable. Many babies will be crawling or finding ways of being mobile. They are also able to sit up without any support. These movements mean that babies can explore more and also spend a little time sitting and playing. When they are mobile they can move quite fast, so this is a period in which adults really need to think about safety. As well as large movements, babies are also picking up objects and handling them, and becoming more skilled at touching things. Things still get popped into the mouth, so, again, adults need to be aware of what is around. Babies’ language is also coming along. Babbling has become more tuneful and longer strings of sound are put together. Babies are also learning what some key words mean. They may start to get excited when they hear words such as drink or dinner. Babies are also starting to show us who they enjoy being with and may start to cry when they are being left with a stranger. Physical development Babies will now sit up without any support They will practice using fingers to feed Crawls forward on belly and rolls over Pulls himself up to stand May walk two or three steps without support and Walk holding on to furniture Takes objects out of containers Pokes with index finger Communication and intellectual development Tuneful strings of babbling Exploring objects using hands and also mouth Responds to â€Å"no† although may not have full understanding of meaning Imitate sounds and may say â€Å"mama† and â€Å"dada† Begins to use objects correctly: drinks from cups, listens in a phone Explores object in different ways: banging, shaking, throwing, etc. Social, emotional and behavioural development Baby appears shy or anxious with strangers and will try to stay nearby parents or carer Babies may cry when caregiver leaves the room Enjoys imitation and repeats sounds or gestures Tests parental responses to her behaviour Twelve to eighteen months The first birthday of a child is for many families a special event and a cause of celebration. This in part dates back to times when not all babies survived their first year. By twelve months the baby has come a long way in  development, they are now more mobile and are able to crawl very quickly and may be on the verge of walking. As well as gaining mobility, babies are also becoming quite skilled at using their hands. Objects are touched, moved and organised and they enjoy putting things in and out of containers, or dropping things and looking to see what happens to them. A strong feature of their play is the way in which they enjoy doing something over and over again. At one year, babies are now able to sit up and feed themselves using their fingers. Most one year olds know what they do and don’t like. Food that they enjoy gets eaten, while food that they are not hungry for may be thrown onto the floor. Babies will now be aware of who their parents and main carers are. They are keen to stay near their parents and carers and will stop playing to see what they are doing. Babies are also able to understand more of what is happening around them. They not only notice what other people are doing, but understand more and more of what is being said. Long strings of babbling are still the way in which babies try to communicate, but hidden in the babbling are the beginning of babies’ first words. Parents and carers usually notice these from around 13 months. Physical Development Standing up and holding onto furniture alone Enjoys picking up and handling small objects Crawls confidently and quickly Likes to push, pull, and drop things Will pull off hat, socks, and mittens Is able to turn pages in a book and stack 2 building blocks Enjoys carrying small objects while walking, often one in each hand Holds crayon and scribbles, but with little control Waves bye-bye and claps hands Enjoys holding spoon when eating, but experiences difficulty in getting spoon into mouth Rolls a ball to adult on request Walking up and down stairs with adult help Sitting and pushing off with legs on sit-and-ride toys. Able to feed self with spoon Communication and intellectual development Waving bye-bye Will point fingers at objects to draw an adult’s attention to them Tuneful babbling that sounds like talking progressing to speak 8 -20 words you can understand Looks at person talking to him or her Says â€Å"Hi† or â€Å"Bye† if reminded Uses expressions like â€Å"Oh-oh† Plays peek-a-boo Understands and follows simple one-step directions Likes to take things apart Social, emotional and behavioural development Repetitive play as the baby enjoys doing something over and over again. Becomes upset when separated from or cannot see their parent or carer Likes to hand objects to others Play independently on floor with toys Recognizes self in mirror or pictures Imitates others especially by coughing, sneezing, or making animal sounds Signs of temper and frustration Eagerness for independence – trying to feed themselves with a spoon Will show interest in other children and what they are doing Children at two years old By two years old, children are very much showing their individuality. They know what they want to do, touch and hold. They can now move confidently and are enjoying walking, being able to pick up things and playing with them. They enjoy doing things for themselves and are keen to do more – and get frustrated when they are not able to. Sometimes this is because adults realise that what they want is dangerous, while at other times it is because their level of skill is not yet matching what they want to do. Their frustration can lead to temper tantrums and emotional outbursts. This is often a toddler’s way of communication how they are feeling and is why this  period is sometimes known as the ‘terrible twos’. While toddlers do get frustrated and angry, they are also emotional in other ways. They smile, laugh and squeal with enjoyment. They notice other children and enjoy being near them, even though they may not actively play together. Favourite toys and games are played over and over again. Children are also starting to enjoy pretend play. Two-year-olds are often starting to chat aloud. They are likely to have around two hundred words, pointing out objects and naming them.

Michael Gow’s “Away” Essay

Drama is a genre that is deliberately written for performance, and therefore, the reader’s understanding of the characters and issues is always improved by its staging. â€Å"Staging† in Drama means the process or manner of putting a play on stage. This refers to the positioning of the characters and props, the way the actors move, the way they use their voice and how the character looks. Gore Vidal once said, â€Å"A talent for Drama is not a talent for writing, but an ability to articulate human relationships.† By this, Vidal meant that to convey a play properly, association between the characters has to be real, dynamic action that captures the attention of an audience. Away is a charming play that deals with family, relationship, life, growing up and death. It depicts the final months leading up to the disintegration of the condition of Tom, a boy dying from Leukaemia. In the final stages of his life, he is desperate to achieve all that a normal person would in his short lifetime. Emily McPherson of the Age newspaper says, â€Å"This moving play prompts us to consider what is ultimately most important in our lives,† and also considers how relevant it is to Australians, even today, noting that â€Å"Every Australian can relate to this play and learn about the deeper meaning to life†. One factor of staging is Stage Directions. These are the way the playwright communicates with the director in regards to movements and actions of characters, positioning of props, and types of sets. These aspects affect the way the audience views a scene, as they can reveal issues, power relations, social positioning, and relationships between characters. In the last Act of Away, an entire scene is performed only through Stage Directions, yet it is a major scene in the conclusion of Away. This scene depicts the returning of Coral to her husband, Roy, and the subsequent resolution of their differences. Jim and Gwen are reconciled as well. In the case of Roy and Coral, the audience sees their reconciliation through the symbolic offering of the shells to Roy from Coral. With just stage directions, we can tell that this is Coral offering herself, her old self, to Roy. She is asking for forgiveness and we know through Roy’s kissing of  the shells and Coral herself that he has accepted her apology. The directions on the positioning of the characters on stage have to be effective to avoid audience confusion, as there is often split scenes. The way the set is used (â€Å"use of space†) is a useful medium to show conditions of the scene. These can include time of day, where the scene is set, the time period of which the scene was set, and the motives of the characters. Props are often included to add reality to the scene and often offer symbolism relating to the character that uses them. On Christmas Day at the campsite that Gwen’s family is staying at, Gwen, rushes onto the scene with a 12-inch fake Christmas tree and announces â€Å"If you want to have a Christmas you’d better get started now so we can get it over with. Hurry up. I don’t spending half the day sitting around waiting for people to open their presents.† This Christmas tree, being fake, represents Gwen’s resentment of Christmas- she obviously thinks it is a real chore. This does not make Meg and Jim’s Christmas real- their they are, on a day that is supposed to promote goodwill, the importance of the family and other relevant values, and their mother and wife is acting like she’d rather be any other place than with them- this day is an inconvenience. Characterisation can be defined as the representation of a character on the stage, especially by imitating actions, gestures, or speeches. Every element that combines to make a character is included in characterisation. Costumes are a helpful channel of symbolism and we can learn different things about the characters, both in connotative and deconnotative ways. To exemplify this, look at Vic’s new sunhat, which she comments on in Act Three, Scene Five- â€Å"I love my new hat.† This sunhat represents her role as the dominant partner in the family through Harry’s line â€Å"We could have sheltered under your hat.† The charisma of the sunhat reveals not only her personal charisma, but as this hat is only worn during the holiday, shows what a great time they are having on vacation. Tom also wears a Hawaiian shirt during the beach holiday scene, reflecting his laidback character. This is just one of many hints that are given to the reader to show Tom’s parallels with Puck, even though this one is very subtle. Tom acts and represents the catalyst, through his resolve and vitality; despite the disease he gives  each family hope. He represents the reasons for the reconciliation of each family, just like Puck in A Midsummer Nights’ Dream. Body language can demonstrate relationships between characters and character motive. Gestures show reactions, emotions the character is dealing with and the implications of these emotions. Expressions work similarly to gestures. Both help to put what the character is saying into context. We can see when Tom lies down on the beach during his walk with Meg that he is offering himself to her sexually. Meg rejects this offer. When this scene in viewed in performance, we can tell that Meg is rejecting Tom because she begins backing Away from him and cautiously glancing back at the path they came, wanting to go back to the safety of her parents, where Tom can’t impose anything like this on her. The audience has gone from seeing the two characters walking closely, side by side, to seeing Meg back away, with a different, more guarded attitude, and ultimately leaving him and hurrying back to the campsite. Lighting is helpful in setting a mood for the scene- for example, dark lighting may conjure up a theme of doom and gloom, where as a single spotlight will centre the audience’s attention on that one character. Special Effects are sometimes used in points of extreme climax. An example of a symbolic use of lighting would be in Act Five, Scene 2. It is the last scene of the play and shows the start of the new school year- probably Tom’s last year alive. The lighting becomes bright, summery, morning. This audience can sense that this echoes the dawn of the last stages of Tom’s life. Special Effects, though not noted in the stage directions, could be used during the storm scene, in which Gwen’s family are caught in a fierce storm that leaves the family in even more disarray. Jim describes their feelings like this â€Å"There doesn’t seem to be much use to carry on with your holiday when your van’s a wreck, your boat’s smashed on the rocks and all your clothes are soaked.† The storm embodies the family’s instability and their strained relationships. The reason Tom’s family was bypassed by that storm is because Tom’s family is a happy family who are content with life and the least uncooperative. Special effects highlight climactic points like the storm. Music reflects the dialogue of a scene and can highlight the important issues in the scene. It is also and effective way to set a certain mood or feeling. In Away, Mendelssohn is often referred to in the stage directions. For example, his calming Dreams is played during Act Three, Scene Five, where Tom’s family having a wonderful, relaxing time during there beach holiday. In this case, the music is reflecting the emotions and essence that embodies the scene. Mendelssohn’s music is often referred to in Gow’s stage directions, meaning it is probably the type of music he thinks reflects the play as a whole. Staging will always enhance the audience’s understanding of what is happening on a stage. The reader/audience member’s perspective of the play is always changed through Stage Directions, Characterisation, Music, Lighting, Special Effects and use of space. Earlier, Gore Vidal’s quote, â€Å"A talent for Drama is not a talent for writing, but an ability to articulate human relationships†, was mentioned. When analysing Vidal’s quote, it can be interpreted that Vidal meant that a playwright did not just have to possess the talent of writing, but that to show an accurate portrayal of the relationships that people have to one another, and the ways in which they handle these relationships. It can be deduced that Vidal was referring to the use of not only literature but also staging techniques that would humanise the characters.

Atomic Bomb essays

Atomic Bomb essays Herbert Feis served as the Special Consultant to three Secretaries of War. This book was his finale to a series on the governmental viewed history of World War II, one of these receiving the Pulitzer Prize. Mr. Feis gives personal accounts in a strictly factual description leaving out no information that the president and high officials discussed within the walls of the White House. The information that is presented is referenced countlessly throughout the book. His position in the government gave him the ability to have direct knowledge from personal individuals, in the government at that time, who had assessed the actions first hand. With these contacts his information is not presented as secondary information. In early August 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These two bombs quickly yielded the surrender of Japan and the end of the American involvement in World War II. By 1946, the two bombs caused the death of perhaps as many as 240,000 Japanese citizens. The popular view that dominated the 1950s and 60s, presented by President Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson, was that the at the dropping of the atomic bombs was a solely military action that avoided the loss of as many as a million lives in the upcoming American invasion of the island of Kyushu. In the 1960s a second idea developed, put forth by a collaboration of historians, that claimed the dropping of the bomb was a diplomatic maneuver aimed at gaining the upper hand in relations with Russia. Twenty years after the bombing, Feis, with the advantage of historical hindsight and the advantage of new evidence, developed a third view, free from obscuring bias. First, he stated that the dropping of the bomb was born out of a number of military, domestic, and diplomatic pressures and concerns. Secondly, many potentially alternatives to dropping the bombs were not explored by Truman and other men in power. Lastly, becaus...

Atheism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Atheism - Research Paper Example Scant credibility need be attributed to any denial of such interpretation, due to these wishes being chiefly unconscious (Vitz, 1999). However, some scholars had contended that religion must be comprehended on the basis of the conditions responsible for its origin. These were the outcome of economic, political and social forces, as these factors effected human alienation at any specific location and period. Religion had been deeply challenged by Karl Marx. It was his contention that religion was a symptom that became an integral component of the corrupt social and political order, and that it served to preserve the very issue that it attempted to resolve (Wildman, 2010). As such, Feuerbach and Marx would have been in complete agreement with regard to the notion that religious self – alienation entailed a duplication of the world into a transcendental religious world and the reality of this secular world. It could also be presumed that they would have concurred that the humanly projected features of God were correlated to the needs of humans (Brien, 2009, p. 108). According to, Feuerbach and Marx God was created to substantiate the selfish needs of humans. Furthermore, this correlation would have provided counterbalancing completion due to belief in a fictional divine entity. However, with regard to alienation arising from religious self – alienation, Marx and Feuerbach would not have been in agreement. Marx proposed that religious self – alienation was the symptom of tangible and traditionally conditioned situations, wherein humans were embroiled in highly materialistic class conflicts that brought about their estrangement (Brien, 2009, p. 108). According to Marx, religion was the indicator of traditionally conditioned situations. In fact, Feuerbach had contended that God was sanctified human nature that had transcended the restrictions of the individual man, meditated upon and celebrated as a discrete presence. It was his considered opinio n that early humans had been compelled to envisage the terrors of existence. Accordingly these individuals had projected a divine being with boundless reason, will and love. This entity could be relied upon, while encountering or undergoing the difficulties of life (Brien, 2009, p. 109). Moreover, these early humans had resorted to such a higher power, in order to find security and succor. As such, Feuerbach had contended that God was sanctified human nature that was without any restrictions. The moralists contend that the fundamental authority of moral norms; namely that some things are wrong, whilst others are right, requires the presence of God. The source of these moral standards, according to such moral contentions, is God. There have been several proponents of this argument, such as the philosophers like HP Owen. He is credited with having successfully employed this argument to convert CS Lewis, an erstwhile atheist (Ward, 2006, p. 83). According to the contention of moralists , God is the source of morals. On the other hand, Bertrand Russell had proposed a standard refutation to this conjecture. His objection was whether something could be considered to be right, merely because it had been willed so by God. This would render arbitrary, what was to be regarded as good. However, if a thing was to be accepted as right, on account of its intrinsicalness, then God would be subject to a standard of goodness that enjoyed a higher position than Himself (Ward, 2006, p. 8

History questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History questions - Assignment Example In response to aggressiveness, British soldiers opened fire upon civilians in order to maintain order. This slaughtering of civilians enraged the colonists. Lastly, the Quartering Act was an order in which the colonists were required to take in soldiers and provide for them. This angered the colonists as this served as a drain on already scarce and expensive resources. The English thought that it was necessary due to the fact that it was a reimbursement for having soldiers to protect the colonists from Indians, other countries. Etc. The Boston Massacre is considered by many to be one of the primary starting points to the start of the Revolutionary War. Evidence and speculation from the time leads many questions to be asked as to far who was the sole instigator in the act. Boston was already in turmoil as tensions were rising between the British and the colonists. Often, the colonists would taunt the soldiers. On this particular incident, it was reported that the taunting had reached an elevated level. In order to disperse the crowd, shots were fired into the air. This translated into turmoil in which the soldiers opened fired on the civilians until both parties retreated. Regardless of the facts, it is the colonists who instigated the attacks. The soldiers were just doing their duty and enforcing the laws. If this were to happen today with a riot facing the police, even if the policies were unfair, the blame would fall on the crowd. The purpose of the preamble of the Declaration of Independence was written in response as to the way the crown was treating the colonists. In essence, it was a dictatorship. As a result, the preamble states that the power, which is wielded by the government, is derived directly from the power, which is given by the people. The understanding that â€Å"all men are created equal† meant only white males in the colonies. At this time, women’s rights were unheard of and blacks were regarded as slaves meaning they were in es sence treated as property. The Declaration of Independence was a justification for why the colonies needed to break away from the corrupt form of government in England. The Virginia and New Jersey plans were created in order to help set up the new form of government, which would govern over the new independent colonies. The Virginia plan was based on the power in the government being based on population. Thus larger states would have more representative power in the government. The smaller states felt that this was not fair; therefore they constructed a system based on equality, one vote per state. The Connecticut Compromise set up a bicameral legislature, using the New Jersey Plan as a template. The Senate would have equal representation given by each state and population would base the House of Representatives. Samuel Slater is known as the father of the American Industrial Revolution. His idea of interchangeable parts allowed industry and the creation of machines to be accelerate d due to the fact that these parts could now be easily replaced and changed in mechanical components. One of the main areas in which Slater had an impact was on the textile industry, in particular the Lowell mills. It combined the textile and weaving process all in the same building, which maximized production and efficiency. Calhoun’s theory of nullification stated that in some instances, a state has the right to refuse to recognize a federal law within its